{"id":14911,"date":"2015-06-29T13:27:03","date_gmt":"2015-06-29T05:27:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/?p=14911"},"modified":"2015-06-29T14:39:03","modified_gmt":"2015-06-29T06:39:03","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%92%e5%ba%a6%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%e4%b8%8b%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e5%b9%b8%e7%a6%8f%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/?p=14911","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5ea6\u91cf\u3011\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u4e0b\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5e78\u798f\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/measure-happiness-00.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-14920\" alt=\"measure-happiness-00\" src=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/measure-happiness-00.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/measure-happiness-00.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/measure-happiness-00-300x150.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<address>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u674e\u6653\u7166\uff08\u5fc3\u7406\u7edf\u8ba1\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e13\u4e1aPhD \/ \u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5173\u6ce8\u8005\uff09<\/address>\n<p>\u4e0a\u5b66\u671f\u6211\u6559\u300a\u5e78\u798f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u901a\u9009\u8bfe\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5728\u590d\u65e6\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f6e\u6559\u8fd9\u95e8\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u901a\u9009\u8bfe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u5b66\u8005 Seligman \u5750\u7b2c\u4e00\u628a\u4ea4\u6905\u3002\u4ed6\u5728 2004 \u5e74\u9f13\u5439\uff1a\u5e78\u798f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u6109\u60a6\uff08Pleasant Life\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u6295\u5165\uff08Engaged Life\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u610f\u4e49\uff08Meaningful Life\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u4ed6\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u5347\u7ea7\u6210\u4e94\u6735\u91d1\u82b1\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff08R\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u5f8b\u6210\u5c31\uff08A\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5 PERMA \u4e00\u8bcd\u884c\u4e16\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a PEM \u662f\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u4ee3\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u6027\uff0cRA \u53ea\u9002\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u6784\u5efa\u53cd\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u53ea\u4ecb\u7ecd PEM \u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">P \u5e78\u798f<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9e\u4f8b\u662f Milner &amp; Olds (1953) \u7528\u7a7f\u9885\u7684\u7535\u6781\u523a\u6fc0\u5927\u9f20\u8111\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f00\u5173\u662f\u5927\u9f20\u80fd\u89e6\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u538b\u6746\u3002\u9f20\u540c\u5b66\u8fde\u7eed\u538b\u6746\u4e00\u4e07\u6b21\u7cbe\u5c3d\u8eab\u4ea1\u3002\u63d0\u7eaf\u8fc7\u7684\u6bd2\u54c1\u5bf9\u8111\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6548\u679c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a8\u7269\u5728\u4e3b\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u538b\u6746\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9f20\u540c\u5b66 P \u5e78\u798f\u8fbe\u5230\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6b63\u503c\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5927\u4f53\u56de\u5230\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6b21\u5982\u679c\u505c\u6b62\u538b\u6746\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u8d1f\u503c\uff0c\u6bd2\u54c1\u6210\u763e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5b66\u540d\u53eb\u6212\u65ad\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u3002\u53e4\u4eba\uff08\u53d4\u672c\u534e\uff09\u4e00\u8a00\u4ee5\u853d\u4e4b\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u6b32\u671b\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u4fbf\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u5f53\u6b32\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u4fbf\u65e0\u804a\u201d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u5e74\u540e P \u5e78\u798f\u6ce2\u52a8\u56f4\u7ed5\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u5375\u5b6a\u751f\u5b50\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7 50%\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u7531\u5148\u5929\u56e0\u7d20\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">E \u5e78\u798f<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em;\">\u5982\u679c\u8bf4 Seligman \u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u5e78\u798f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u65b0\u7ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u65e7\u7ea6\u65e0\u7591\u662f Csikzentmihalyi \u7684\u300aFlow\uff08\u5fc3\u6d41\uff09\u300b\u3002\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6bd4\u5982\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u9ad8\u6311\u6218\u7ade\u6280\u8fd0\u52a8\u6797\u4e39\u5e78\u4f1a\u674e\u5b97\u4f1f\uff0c\u5168\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u70b9\u5728 P \u5e78\u798f\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u6d4b\u5f97\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u751a\u81f3\u8d1f\u503c\uff0c\u7d27\u5f20\u4e13\u6ce8\u5f80\u5f80\u4f34\u968f\u8d77\u4f0f\u7684\u7126\u8651\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4f53\u80b2\u7ade\u6280\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6613\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u53ef\u8fbe\u6210 Flow\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u53cd\u590d\uff0cFlow \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u51e0\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u957f\u65f6\u4e13\u6ce8\u3002\u901b\u8857 shopping\u3001\u9891\u7e41\u6362\u53f0\u770b\u7535\u89c6\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f4e Flow \u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002C \u6559\u6388\u5728 Flow \u4e0a\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9ad8 Flow \u503c\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u4f4e Flow \u503c\u7684\u4eba\u5404\u79cd\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9898\u8bc4\u5206\u90fd\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\uff1a\u9ad8 Flow \u503c\u7684\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f4e Flow \u503c\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">M \u5e78\u798f<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u4f20\u5947\u7684 V. Frankl (\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57 L \u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5fb7\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u8d85\u51fa\u5fc3\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8303\u7574\u3002Frankl \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5f52\u5165\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d41\u6d3e\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u7684\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5168\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u8d85\u8d8a\u201d\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u201d\u3002\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a \/ Transcendental\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u9887\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6e90\u4e8e\u827e\u9ed8\u751f\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u8d85\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4fd7\u79f0\u7f8e\u56fd\u7248\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5047\u5982\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u6709\u6240\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5728\u6b64\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u6211\u6559\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f6e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u73b0 D. Dennett \u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5b66\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u5408 PEM \u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>D \u6559\u6388\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u6d6e\u73b0\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u9519\u89c9\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u53c8\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u591a\u91cd\u6545\u4e8b\u811a\u672c\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u6211\u7531\u591a\u91cd\u5e76\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u6240\u6d3e\u751f\u3002\u6211\u8bd5\u7740\u5f80\u591a\u91cd\u6545\u4e8b\u811a\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u5f15\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u9648\u8ff0\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u5b9a\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49 Flow \u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u901a\u5e38\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u5236\u529b\u7684\u5341\u4e94\u5206\u949f\u5230\u4e09\u9910\u4e00\u7720\u7684\u56db\u6bb5\u95f4\u9694\uff1b\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5c55\u5f00\u5728\u4eba\u751f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e43\u81f3\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u6df7\u6742\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u91cd\u5fc3\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u6d6e\u73b0\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u6211\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e09\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u6211\u5206\u522b\u4f53\u9a8c\u5e78\u798f\u611f P\u3001E\u3001M\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b6a\u7406\u66f4\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8bf4\uff08hu\uff09\u670d\uff08you\uff09\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u57fa\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002D \u6559\u6388\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u7248\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u8868\u4e3a\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u6211\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5750\u6807\u4e0a\u603b\u662f\u5904\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u53cd\u63a8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8003\u5377\u91cc\u4e3e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6f5c\u671b\u955c\u7684\u4e13\u6ce8\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u6211\u5750\u6807\u5728\u6c34\u9762\u800c\u975e\u6f5c\u8247\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u53ea\u6709\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u8fde\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u5728\u6f5c\u8247\u8fd8\u662f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u57fa\u5730\u751a\u81f3\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u9b54\u9b3c\u8111\u7f38\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6536\u5728\u4ed6\u4e0e Hofstadter\uff08\u5c31\u662f GEB \u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff09\u5408\u7f16\u7684 The Mind&#8217;s I 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