{"id":4385,"date":"2014-12-04T14:53:03","date_gmt":"2014-12-04T06:53:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/?p=4385"},"modified":"2014-12-04T14:53:03","modified_gmt":"2014-12-04T06:53:03","slug":"%e5%8f%b2%e4%b8%8a%e5%8d%81%e5%a4%a7%e6%9c%80%e5%85%b7%e4%ba%89%e8%ae%ae%e7%9a%84%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/?p=4385","title":{"rendered":"\u53f2\u4e0a\u5341\u5927\u6700\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/psychology-science-banners.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4396\" alt=\"psychology-science-banners\" src=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/psychology-science-banners.jpg\" width=\"764\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/psychology-science-banners.jpg 764w, https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/psychology-science-banners-300x127.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u8d39\u66fc\uff08Richard Feynman\uff0c1965\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u65e0\u77e5\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5047\u8bbe\u90fd\u8be5\u63a5\u53d7\u540e\u7eed\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6301\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u56e0\u8d28\u7591\u5b9e\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u65f6\u5019\u5219\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6311\u9009\u7684\u5341\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>1.\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6a21\u62df\u76d1\u72f1\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u626e\u6f14\u770b\u5b88\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5f00\u59cb\u8650\u5f85\u626e\u6f14\u72af\u4eba\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\uff0c1971\u5e74\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u7684\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6a21\u62df\u76d1\u72f1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88ab\u8feb\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u6d25\u5df4\u591a\uff08Philip 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Haslam\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684BBC\u76d1\u72f1\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u56da\u72af\u53d1\u8d77\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f2\u76ee\u5730\u5c48\u670d\u4e8e\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u80fd\u8bbe\u6cd5\u6811\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u90a3\u4e9b\u72af\u4e0b\u6076\u884c\u7684\u770b\u5b88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u6d25\u5df4\u591a\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\uff1b\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6a21\u62df\u76d1\u72f1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5728\u62db\u52df\u88ab\u8bd5\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff1b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u770b\u5b88\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u4e89\u8bba\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6a21\u62df\u76d1\u72f1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bf9\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u4eca\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u90e8\u957f\u7535\u5f71\u4ee5\u6b64\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3a\u7075\u611f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4388\" alt=\"ps-ex-02\" src=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-02.jpg\" width=\"397\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-02.jpg 397w, https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-02-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>2010\u5e74\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u300b\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1adouban.com<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2.\u7c73\u5c14\u683c\u62c9\u59c6\u7535\u51fb\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u683c\u62c9\u59c6\uff08Stanley 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\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u5145\u5f53\u9009\u624b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u672a\u906d\u5230\u7535\u51fb\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u7c73\u5c14\u683c\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5404\u7c7b\u6a21\u4eff\uff0c\u5728\u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u67d0\u4e2a\u6cd5\u56fd\u7535\u89c6\u8282\u76ee\u90fd\u6709\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u4e0a\u503c\u5f97\u88ab\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u76f2\u4ece\u3002\u54c8\u65af\u5170\u59c6\u548c\u8d56\u6b47\u5c14\u518d\u6b21\u7ad9\u5728\u5531\u53cd\u8c03\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ebf\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u201c\u987a\u4ece\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0e\u201c\u76f2\u4ece\u201d\u76f8\u8ddd\u751a\u8fdc\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u5174\u80fd\u591f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6df1\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u505a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u540c\u6837\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u4ece\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u53e3\u5934\u63d0\u793a\u5927\u591a\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>3.\u201c\u548c\u8001\u5e74\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u4f7f\u4eba\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u6162\u201d\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u6548\u5e94\u7814\u7a76\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5df4\u5947\uff08John Bargh\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u57281996\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u63a5\u89e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u548c\u201c\u5e74\u8001\u201d\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u89e6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u968f\u540e\u79bb\u5f00\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u65f6\u4f1a\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u6162\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u201d\uff08social priming\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u51b0\u5c71\u4e00\u89d2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u5f20\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u88ab\u5916\u754c\u523a\u6fc0\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdc\u8d85\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-05.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4390\" alt=\"ps-ex-05\" src=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-05.png\" width=\"230\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-05.png 230w, https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-05-209x300.png 209w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u5947\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u548c\u201c\u5e74\u8001\u201d\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u4f1a\u4f7f\u88ab\u8bd5\u79bb\u5f00\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u65f6\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u6162\u3002\u56fe\u50cf\u6765\u6e90\uff1apsychologytoday.com<\/p>\n<p>2012\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8bd5\u56fe\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5df4\u5947\u6559\u6388\u6124\u6012\u5730\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u9a9a\u52a8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eae\u70b9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u5956\u8005\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u2022\u5361\u5c3c\u66fc\uff08Daniel Kahneman\uff09\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5199\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u5185\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u91cd\u590d\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u5927\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65e0\u6cd5\u91cd\u590d\u539f\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8bf4\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cd\u590d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f3a\u5c11\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fa\u9519\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u8fd8\u539f\u5f53\u521d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>4.\u5c0f\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u53cd\u5c04\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>1920\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u534e\u751f\uff08John Watson\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u7f57\u838e\u8389\u00b7\u96f7\u7eb3\uff08Rosalie Rayner\uff09\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u8bf1\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a11\u6708\u5927\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0f\u767d\u9f20\u2014\u2014\u653e\u5728\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5a74\u513f\u80cc\u540e\u6572\u51fb\u94a2\u6761\u53d1\u51fa\u54cd\u58f0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bcc\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5f88\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc7\u5206\u7b80\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u8bfb\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5ba3\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8bf4\u660e\u6050\u60e7\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u53cd\u5c04\u8bf1\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u6cdb\u5316\u5230\u9762\u5bf9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u5c0f\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u5c0f\u767d\u9f20\u611f\u5230\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u53cd\u5c04\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u767d\u8272\u53c8\u6bdb\u8338\u8338\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u611f\u5230\u6050\u60e7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-06.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4391\" alt=\"ps-ex-06\" src=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-06.jpg\" width=\"356\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-06.jpg 356w, https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-06-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5c0f\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u5b9e\u9a8c\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1asimplypsychology.org<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7565\u663e\u968f\u610f\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u59cb\u7ed3\u679c\u6bd4\u4e66\u4e0a\u5199\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3001\u4e5f\u66f4\u53cd\u590d\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4e89\u8bba\u4e5f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u5c0f\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8eab\u4efd\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u57282009\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u970d\u5c14\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b\uff08Hall Beck\uff09\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u58f0\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u6885\u91cc\u7279\uff08Douglas Merritte\uff09\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u79f0\u6885\u91cc\u7279\u662f\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u539f\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u663e\u5f97\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u672c\u00b7\u54c8\u91cc\u65af\uff08Ben Harris\uff09\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u4eca\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u79f0\u5c0f\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u786e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5df4\u6770\uff08Albert Barger\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>5.\u6d1b\u592b\u7279\u65af\u7684\u201c\u5546\u573a\u8ff7\u8def\u201d\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>1995\u5e74\u548c1996\u5e74\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u2022\u6d1b\u592b\u7279\u65af\uff08Elizabeth Loftus\uff09\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u79d1\u6069\uff08James Coan\uff09\u548c\u6770\u594e\u7433\u00b7\u76ae\u514b\u96f7\u5c14\uff08Jacqueline Pickrell\uff09\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u690d\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u66fe\u5728\u5546\u573a\u91cc\u8ff7\u8def\u201d\u7684\u865a\u5047\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u5730\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u634f\u9020\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u7247\u6bb5\u6df7\u5165\u771f\u5b9e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u4ece\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u4eb2\u53cb\u5904\u6536\u96c6\u5f97\u6765\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\u8bbf\u8c08\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u634f\u9020\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u4fbf\u88ab\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5f53\u6210\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-11.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4395\" alt=\"ps-ex-11\" src=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-11.png\" width=\"227\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-11.png 227w, https:\/\/www.uxren.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-11-170x300.png 170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u5546\u573a\u8ff7\u8def\u8fc7\u5462\u3002\u4f60\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u5546\u573a\u8ff7\u8def\u8fc7\u5440\u3002\u4f60\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u5546\u573a\uff0c\u8ff7\u8def\u8fc7\u5417\uff1f\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1ablog.allstate.com<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u660e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u591a\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u4eba\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5c24\u5176\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\u6240\u590d\u539f\u7684\u88ab\u8650\u5f85\u8bb0\u5fc6\u611f\u5230\u6000\u7591\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u4ecd\u5728\u5bf9\u865a\u5047\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u538b\u6291\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6062\u590d\u6027\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u201c\u5546\u573a\u8ff7\u8def\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8d28\u7591\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u6709\u8fc7\u8ff7\u8def\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u6d1b\u592b\u7279\u65af\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u5524\u9192\u4e86\u5e74\u4ee3\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u690d\u5165\u4e86\u865a\u5047\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6d1b\u592b\u7279\u65af\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u53cd\u9a73\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u8bc4\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5411\u4ed6\u4eba\u690d\u5165\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u201c\u66fe\u5728\u8fea\u58eb\u5c3c\u4e50\u56ed\u9047\u5230\u5154\u516b\u54e5\u201d\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u5361\u901a\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u771f\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5154\u516b\u54e5\u201d\u662f\u534e\u7eb3\u5144\u5f1f\u52a8\u753b\u516c\u53f8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u52a8\u753b\u4eba\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>6.\u8fbe\u91cc\u5c14\u00b7\u8d1d\u59c6\u7684\u9884\u77e5\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>2010\u5e74\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fbe\u91cc\u5c14\u2022\u8d1d\u59c6\uff08Daryl Bem\uff09\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u5fc3\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u9884\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u8ba9\u8d1d\u59c6\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u5370\u8c61\u66f4\u6df1\u3002\u8d1d\u59c6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u9884\u77e5\uff08pre-cognition\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8d85\u8ba4\u77e5\uff08psi-cognition\uff09\u73b0\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6548\u5e94\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-08.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"ps-ex-08\" src=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-08.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5148\u77e5\u201d\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1acinemablography.org<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u5c11\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8d1d\u59c6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5468\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u79f0\u9053\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u590d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u652f\u6301\u539f\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u706b\u4e0a\u52a0\u6cb9\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u8d1d\u59c6\u539f\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u671f\u520a\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u62d2\u7edd\u53d1\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee4\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e00\u7247\u54d7\u7136\uff0c\u5e76\u50ac\u5316\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u201c\u91cd\u590d\u68c0\u9a8c\u5371\u673a\uff08replication crisis\uff09\u201d\u6216\u201c\u91cd\u590d\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e4b\u6218\uff08replication wars\uff09\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8d1d\u59c6\u6ee1\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u5730\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5143\u5206\u6790\u6db5\u76d6\u4e8690\u4e2a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u539f\u59cb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4ed6\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u4e89\u8bba\u5c06\u4f55\u53bb\u4f55\u4ece\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u8d1d\u59c6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u77e5\u5230\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>7.\u793e\u4f1a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u5047\u76f8\u5173\u6027<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u90a3\u7bc7\u7bc7\u6700\u521d\u7528\u4e86\u6311\u8845\u6027\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5deb\u672f\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u9898\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u5370\u5237\u53d1\u8868\u524d\u5148\u5728\u7ebf\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u3002\u9898\u76ee\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5deb\u672f\u201d\uff08Voodoo\uff09\u662f\u6307\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u201d\u6216\u8005\u662f\u201c\u865a\u5047\u7684\u201d\u3002 \u7231\u5fb7\u2022\u4e4c\u5c14\uff08Ed Vul\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u4e8650\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u628a\u8111\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6d3b\u52a8\u8ddf\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u60c5\u7eea\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u79f0\u524d\u6263\u5e26\u76ae\u8d28\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u65f6\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u6709\u7740\u9ad8\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u4e4c\u5c14\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u5206\u6790\u624b\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u5148\u627e\u51fa\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ea\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u533a\u57df\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8ddf\u7528\u54ac\u4e86\u4e00\u53e3\u7684\u98df\u7269\u518d\u8638\u4e00\u6b21\u9171\u4e00\u6837\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-09.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"ps-ex-09\" src=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-09.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"290\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7231\u5fb7\u2022\u4e4c\u5c14\u70ae\u8f70\u4e00\u4e9b\u8111\u90e8\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u88ab\u8bd5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u865a\u5047\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aneurocritic.blogspot.com<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4e2d\u88ab\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u731b\u70c8\u6307\u6458\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u4e00\u7bc7\u53cd\u9a73\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7531\u4e8e\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u53d6\u6837\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\uff08\u6307\u4e4c\u5c14\u53ca\u5176\u56e2\u961f\uff09\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6210\u50cf\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u987e\u8651\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6d88\u6563\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u57282012\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e66\u4e9a\u2022\u5361\u666e\uff08Joshua Carp\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u53bb\u91cd\u590d\u68c0\u9a8c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>8.\u57fa\u5c14\u5e0c\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>2008\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u8d6b\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6b27\u6587\u00b7\u57fa\u5c14\u5e0c\uff08Irving Kirsch\uff09\u5bf9\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u53ca\u836f\u54c1\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08FDA\uff09\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u7269\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5df2\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u672a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u540c\u65f6\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60a3\u6709\u8f7b\u5ea6\u6216\u4e2d\u5ea6\u6291\u90c1\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u548c\u5b89\u6170\u5242\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u5e76\u65e0\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u65e0\u6548\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e38\u5e38\u62c5\u5fc3\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u7269\u88ab\u533b\u751f\u5f00\u836f\u8fc7\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-10.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"ps-ex-10\" src=\"http:\/\/13tech.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ps-ex-10.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u4e0d\u6bd4\u5b89\u6170\u5242\u6709\u6548\u4e48\uff1f\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aplacebocures.com<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u8fb9\u5012\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u5bb6\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u57fa\u5c14\u5e0c\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u548c\u57fa\u5c14\u5e0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u836f\u7269\u6bd4\u5b89\u6170\u5242\u6709\u6548\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u57fa\u5c14\u5e0c\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4\uff1a\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u7269\u975e\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u6cbb\u597d\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u540e\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6291\u90c1\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>9.\u540e\u5929\u6559\u517b\u7684\u8ff7\u601d<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u201d\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u591a\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u585e\u6ee1\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7236\u6bcd\u5728\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5851\u9020\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8331\u8482\u2022\u54c8\u91cc\u65af\uff08Judith Rich Harris\uff09\u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5979\u57281995\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u5bcc\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u5851\u6210\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u5199\u4e86\u4e24\u672c\u7545\u9500\u4e66\uff1a\u300a\u6559\u517b\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\uff08The Nurture Assumption\uff09\u300b\u548c\u300a\u57fa\u56e0\u6216\u6559\u517b\uff08No Two Alike\uff09\u300b\u3002\u57282007\u5e74\u7ed9\u82f1\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u5199\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u6458\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u65af\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u652f\u6301\u5979\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u201c\uff08\u5e73\u5747\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\uff09\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u76f8\u540c\u7236\u6bcd\u629a\u517b\u957f\u5927\u7684\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u629a\u517b\u957f\u5927\u7684\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u4e5f\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5f81\uff1b\u867d\u7136\u88ab\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u629a\u517b\u957f\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u88ab\u6536\u517b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u8ddf\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u5728\u6027\u683c\u4e0a\u5374\u4e0d\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1b\u79fb\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6709\u7740\u7236\u6bcd\u79fb\u6c11\u540e\u800c\u975e\u79fb\u6c11\u524d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u201d\u54c8\u91cc\u65af\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u2022\u5e73\u514b\uff08Steven Pinker\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f15\u6765\u8fc7\u66b4\u98ce\u822c\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6770\u7f57\u59c6\u00b7\u51ef\u6839(Jerome 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